Home → Corporations, Elections & Commissions → Elections & Voting → Voter Information → Vote in Honor of a Veteran → Table of Contents → European Theater of Operations
The European Theater of Operations |
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"We must be ready to dare all for our country. For history does not long entrust the care of freedom to the weak or the timid. We must acquire proficiency in defense and display stamina in purpose. We must be willing, individually and as a Nation, to accept whatever sacrifices may be required of us. A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both."
President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) |
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December 11, 1941 – Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S. August 17, 1942 – The Army Air Force conducts its first raid in Europe. Maine voters pay tribute to those in the U.S. Air Force who served in the European Theater: |
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Mainers warmly pay tribute to men who served in the Merchant Marines:
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Americans Face Action on the Southern Front: North Africa, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria November 7, 1942 – U.S. forces land in North Africa, and Operation Torch, the North African campaign, begins. Sons and daughters pay tribute to fathers:
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Husbands, WWII veterans themselves, vote in honor of their wives:
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Wives proudly pay tribute to their husbands:
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Many responses to Vote in Honor of a Veteran reveal admiration for relationships that lasted lifetimes:
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July 19, 1943 – The Allies bomb Rome, which had previously been spared because of its religious significance. August 17, 1943 – General Patton and his troops conquer Sicily. September 1943 – The Allies invade Italy. Italy surrenders, but German forces in the country continue to fight. The U.S. Army lands at Salerno, Italy. |
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Mainers honor those who fought at Anzio: |
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An article provided by Beatrice Kelleter reports on the fate of her cousin, a lost pilot: "First Lieutenant Philip S. Wood, Jr., (Air Forces, United States Army) went overseas in January of 1944 and was stationed with the 15th Air Force in Southern Italy. He was the pilot of a B24 Liberator Bomber that failed to return after a bombing mission over Vienna. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Lt. Wood was reported missing in action on the 17th of March 1944. The War Department had entertained the hope that he had survived and that information would be revealed dispelling the uncertainty surrounding his absence. No further information has been received." –the Bar Harbor Times, August 9, 1945 |
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FORMER MAINER GIVEN PLANE PARTS AS
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Hundreds of acts of heroism during WWII are described in the responses honoring veterans. Here is a sampling: |
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Acts of heroism sometimes resulted in capture and imprisonment: |
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Many responses from Maine voters celebrated the contributions of WWII veterans on the Western Front in Germany, France, Austria, Luxembourg, and Belgium: |
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"The Medal of Honor is the highest award for valor in action against an enemy force which can be bestowed upon an individual serving in the Armed Services of the United States. Generally presented to its recipient by the President of the United States of America in the name of Congress, it is often called the Congressional Medal of Honor." Since its inception in 1861, the Congressional Medal of Honor has been awarded to 3,436 recipients. As of April 2001, 149 recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor are still living: 61 from World War II, 21 from the Korean Conflict, and 67 from the Vietnam Conflict. This information is provided by the Congressional Medal of Honor Society. For additional information on the medal, its symbolism, its history and an entire list of recipients, you may visit the Society's website at http://www.cmohs.org. A list of all Maine Medal of Honor recipients is included at the end of this book. |
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The Citation presented to Sergeant Edward C. Dahlgren on September 10, 1945, for his acts of heroism at Oberhoffen, France on February 11, 1945 reads as follows: CITATION
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Maine Medal of Honor Recipients from World War II In addition to Edward C. Dahlgren, four other Maine veterans received the distinguished Medal of Honor and one serviceman, who entered service in Massachusetts, is a current Maine resident. Sergeant William C. Fournier, of Winterport, served in the U.S. Army, Company M, 35th Infantry, 25th Infantry Division at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands on June 5, 1943, as a "leader of a machinegun section charged with the protection of other battalion units. His group was attacked by a superior number of Japanese, his gunner killed, his assistant gunner wounded, an adjoining gun crew put out of action...Sergeant Fournier rushed forward to the idle gun and, with the aid of another soldier who joined him, held up the machinegun by the tripod to increase his field of action. They opened fire and inflicted heavy casualties upon the enemy. While so engaged both these gallant soldiers were killed, but their sturdy defensive action was a decisive factor in the following success of the attacking battalion." Commander Herbert E. Schonland, of Portland, served in the U.S. Navy on the USS San Francisco. He received the Medal of Honor "for extreme heroism and courage above and beyond the call of duty as damage control officer in action against greatly superior enemy forces in the battle of Savo Island, 12 November 1942...In a violent night engagement all of his superior officers were killed or wounded. . .Upon being informed that he was commanding officer, ... he resumed the vitally important work maintaining the stability of the ship. In water waist deep, he carried on his efforts in darkness illuminated only by hand lanterns until water in flooded compartments had been drained or pumped off and watertight integrity had again been restored...His great personal valor and gallant devotion to duty at great peril to his own life were instrumental in bringing his ship back to port under her own power, saved to fight again in the service of her country." First Lieutenant Robert T. Waugh, who entered the service in Augusta, served in the U.S. Army, 339th Infantry, 85th Infantry Division. He received the Medal of Honor "for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy." Near Tremensucli, Italy, on May 11, 1944, 1st Lt. Waugh directed his men "to deliver fire on six bunkers" guarding a hill in a heavily mined area. 1st Lt. Waugh advanced alone against them, reached the first bunker, threw three phosphorus grenades into it and as the defenders emerged, killed them with a burst from his tommy gun. He repeated this process on the five remaining bunkers, killing or capturing the occupants...The fearless actions of 1st Lt. Waugh broke the Gustav Line at that point, neutralizing six bunkers and two pillboxes and he was personally responsible for the deaths of 30 of the enemy and the capture of 25 others. He was later killed in action in Itri, Italy, while leading his platoon in an attack." |
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Major Jay Zeamer, Jr., who entered the military in Machias, served in the U.S. Army Air Corps. He received the Medal of Honor for service in the Solomon Islands on June 16, 1943. Major Zeamer (then Captain) volunteered as a pilot of a bomber on an important photographic mapping mission covering the formidably defended area in the vicinity of Buka, Solomon Islands. While photographing the Buka airdrome, his crew observed about 20 enemy fighters on the field, many of them taking off...Major Zeamer proceeded with the mapping run, even after the enemy attack began. In the ensuing engagement Major Zeamer sustained gunshot wounds in both arms and legs, one leg being broken. Despite his injuries, he maneuvered the damaged plane so skillfully that his gunners were able to fight off the enemy during a running fight which lasted 40 minutes. The crew destroyed at least five hostile planes, of which Major Zeamer shot down one. Although weak from loss of blood, he refused medical aid until the enemy had broken combat. He then turned over the controls, but continued to exercise command despite lapses into unconsciousness and directed the flight to a base 580 miles away. In this voluntary action, Major Zeamer, with superb skill, resolution, and courage, accomplished a mission of great value." *Major Zeamer, one of the four surviving Maine Medal of Honor recipients, currently resides in Boothbay Harbor. Captain Everett Parker Pope entered the service in Massachusetts but was born in Belgrade, Maine, and, as such, is listed as a recipient of a Special Citation from Maine as a Medal of Honor recipient for his service in the U.S. Marine Corps, Company C, 1st Battalion, 1st Marines, 1st Marine Division. On Peleliu Island September 18-20, 1944, "his valiant leadership against devastating odds while protecting the units below from heavy Japanese attack reflects the highest credit upon Captain Pope and the U.S. Naval Service." *Captain Pope currently lives in Belgrade Lakes. |
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Prelude to "Operation Overlord" "During the first six months of 1944, the United States and Great Britain concentrated land, naval, and air forces in England to prepare for Operation Overlord. While the Soviet Union tied down a great portion of the enemy's forces, the western Allies marshalled their resources, trained their forces separately and jointly for the operation, and designed the invasion plans to take full advantage of their joint and combined capabilities. "Before the invasion, the air and sea components played major roles. The 12,000 planes of the Allied air forces swept the Luftwaffe from the skies, photographed enemy defenses, dropped supplies to the resistance, bombed railways, attacked Germany's industries and isolated the battlefield. The Allies' naval component was similarly active during the buildup. The navies escorted convoys, patrolled and protected the English Channel, reconnoitered beaches and beach defenses, conducted amphibious rehearsals and organized and loaded a mighty flotilla to land the assault forces in France. "Meanwhile, the nine army divisions (three airborne and six infantry) from the United States, Britain, and Canada trained and rehearsed their roles in the carefully choreographed operation. Rangers climbed cliffs, engineers destroyed beach obstacles, quartermasters stockpiled supplies and infantrymen waded through the English surf as each honed the skills necessary for the invasion's success." –"Fact Sheet D-Day, 6 June 1944 Normandy, France" at www.ukans.edu/heritage |
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June 6, 1944: Allies Invade the Beaches at Normandy "The build-up in the British Isles was easily the most tremendous single logistical undertaking of all time. Preparations included transporting some 1,600,000 men across the submarine-infested Atlantic and providing their shelter, hospitalization, supply, training, and general welfare. "Despite a weather forecast of high winds and a rough sea, General Eisenhower made a fateful decision to go ahead with the invasion on June 6. During the night over 5,000 ships moved to assigned positions, and at two o'clock, the operation for which the world had long and anxiously waited began The first waves of infantry and tanks began to touch down at 6:30, just after sunrise." – Chapter 22, World War II: The War Against |
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More than 5,000 Allied ships steamed through 10 lanes cleared by minesweepers. The warships opened fire with the most intense bombardment in naval history. In the invasion's early hours, more than 1,000 transports dropped paratroopers to secure the flanks and beach exits of the assault area. |
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"T/Sgt. Freeman Gushee, son of Mr. And Mrs. Robert Gushee of Appleton and husband of Daisy Roberts Gushee of Swanville, has been awarded the Bronze Star Medal for distinguishing himself by meritorious service in connection with military operations against an enemy of the United States from July 4, 1944 to May 8, 1945, in France, Luxembourg, Belgium and Germany. Sergeant Gushee fulfilled his duty as a rifle platoon Sergeant in an excellent manner, displaying high traits of initiative and aggressiveness on more than one occasion. He took command of a platoon when the leader became a casualty. He led many patrols and successfully led his men in many attacks, reaching his assigned objectives. He was wounded during one engagement. Sgt. Gushee refused to be evacuated but remained at his post. The courage, unswerving devotion to duty and aggressiveness shown by Sgt. Gushee reflect great credit to himself and the armed forces of the United States." Rhonda Stark, Canaan |
During Operation Overlord, the Allies landed at five beaches, with the code names of Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword, in the Normandy area on the northwest coast of France. In the eastern zone, the British and Canadians landed on Gold, Juno, and Sword Beaches. The Americans landed on two beaches in the west — Utah and Omaha. U.S. soldiers began wading 100 yards to Utah Beach. Ten miles to the east at Omaha Beach, heavy German defenses on the bluffs above killed 4,649 U.S. troops who were trying to secure the beachhead. British and Canadian troops pushed ashore against lighter defenses and over easier terrain on Gold, Juno, and Sword beaches. |
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Veterans from Maine did not escape the most gruesome horrors of this war:
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Fall, 1944 The Allied forces under Eisenhower succeed in establishing a front from the North Sea to Switzerland following their invasion in Normandy in June. The Allied forces are stretched very thin. Hitler thinks a well-executed strike could severely hurt the Allied push towards Germany and possibly turn the tide of the war. He announces plans for an offensive operation, with Antwerp as the objective. The Ardennes was the location for the offensive because it offered great cover for massing the necessary forces in secrecy for a surprise German attack. |
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Maine veterans' service included duty in the Ardennes Forest: |
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Battle of the Bulge – December 16, 1944 The Battle of the Bulge lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28, 1945. It was the largest land battle of WWII in which the United States participated. More than a million men fought in this battle including some 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans, and 55,000 British. At the conclusion of the battle, the casualties were as follows: 81,000 Americans with 19,000 killed; 1,400 British with 200 killed, and 100,000 Germans killed, wounded or captured. There had been a race between the 5th Panzer and the American 101st Airborne division to get to Bastogne first and hold it. The Americans won, but by December 25th, the Germans had surrounded the city and moved on. Bastogne would become the heroic pocket of American resistance to the German offensive, and would be the object of General Patton's amazing counterattack against the German southern flank. |
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Several respondents highlighted veterans' connections to General Patton: |
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Voters praise the contributions of veterans who saw action during the Battle of the Bulge:
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I am voting in honor of my two brothers. Louis Edward Cunningham was a Private in the U.S. Army during WWII. According to his records, he entered military service on March 9, 1943 and was assigned to 106th Reconnaissance Troop, 106th Infantry Division. He fought in the Battle of the Bulge and was captured on December 17, 1944. He was liberated by the British on April 27, 1945 and returned to the states in June. When he was discharged in December of 1945, he had attained the rank of Staff Sergeant. My other brother, Francis Herbert Cunningham, also served in the Army during WWII but I do not have his records. Like all veterans, he put his life on the line for our freedom. He passed away in 1976. |
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Battle of the Hedgerows Germans believe that these battles on the beaches are only diversionary tactics, so they do little to organize sizable counterattacks on D-Day. Allied aircraft and French resistance fighters impede the movement of German reserves, but the Germans are able to defend terrain in the French countryside known as "hedgerow country." High banks of earth around every small field had been erected to fence livestock and protect crops. The Germans turned each field into a small fortress. The Third U.S. Army under General Patton enters the line to end the battle of the hedgerows. Through a variety of successful Allied maneuvers, the German forces begin to withdraw. The men and women of the French resistance battle the Germans in the streets of Paris. The German forces fall back in defeat toward the German frontier. |
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The Final Allied Assaults Early in 1945, while U.S. troops continue their drive in southern France, Soviet armies start a drive toward the Oder River, only 40 miles from Berlin. The Germans have little chance of holding west of the Rhine. General Eisenhower continues the U.S. push through central Germany to link with the Russians. By mid-April Allied armies make contact with the Red Army approaching from the east. Berlin falls to the Soviets. Hitler commits suicide. German troops surrender all along the German front and in Italy. War in Europe is Over On May 7, 1945, the German Government surrenders. May 8, 1945 is V-E Day, Victory in Europe and the end of the war in Europe. |
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More Tributes to Veterans' Patriotism and Loyalty Of all the responses received for the Vote in Honor of a Veteran program, nearly half of them honored servicemen and women who served during World War II. The following represent some of the heartfelt tributes to the courage, commitment, and honor of veterans during this unparalleled chapter in world history: |
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I am proud of the service of my grandfather, Alden Tracy, Sr. who was a Staff Sergeant in the Army during WWII. He helped build the Panama Canal. |
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I will be voting proudly in remembrance of my friend, Laura Geddes, a commander in the U.S. Navy in WWII. She died this year at the age of 101 and was a pioneer in many ways during her whole life. |
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The Nuremberg Trials – At the close of the war, four countries – the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union – signed an agreement that perpetrators would be tried for war crimes. The Nuremberg Trials were conducted between October 20, 1945 and October 1, 1946. |
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I am voting in honor of my brother, Floyd M. Elwell, Jr., who served in the U.S. Army at the close of WWII and was the head chef for the German prisoners during the Nuremberg Trials. We served together with another brother, Richard, in Vietnam from 1965-66. Floyd died in November 1999. |
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Additional Tributes Submitted OnlineTribute to my grandfather, Kenneth W. Pike, Sr.: Tribute to my uncle, Edward C. Allen: Tribute to my late husband, Norman T Pease: Tribute to my father, Gordon N. Johnson, M.D.: Tribute to my Father, Herbert Cleston Howard: Tribute to my Uncle, 2nd Lt. Wallace C. Ellis: Tribute to my Mother, Florence L. Yoder: Tribute to my Father, Horace G. LaBree: Tribute to my Father, William H. Duley, Jr.: Tribute to my Grandfather, Keith H. Milton: Tribute to my Grandfater, Bruce E. Morrison: Tribute to my Father, Robert Latlippe`: Tribute to my Grandfather, Marcellini A. Cusano: Tribute to my Father, Norman E. Nimon: Tribute to my Father, Clifford Dionne: Tribute to my Father-in-law, Francis French: Tribute to my Mother, Louise French: Tribute to my Aunt, Elizabeth Peterson: Tribute to my Father, Raymond Louis Michaud: Tribute to my Father, John W. Gamage: Tribute to my Friend, Robert Treadwell: Tribute to my Father, Arthur V. Kierstead: Tribute to my Father, Rue Cray: Tribute to my Father, Leon F. Leach: Tribute to my Father, Paul P.A. Henri: Tribute to my Mother, Mabel E. (Utecht) Delcourt: Tribute to my Father, Roger A. Delcourt: Tribute to my Father, Vernon W. Bradeen: Tribute to my Father, Karlton A Hatch: Tribute to my Father, Roger H. Begin: Tribute to my Hero, Jack A. Hernandez: Tribute to my Father In Law, William Garfield Potter: Tribute to my Army, Sewell Norton: Tribute to my Grandfather, Camille Gagnon: Tribute to my Father, Francis Appleton Harding: Tribute to my Grandfather, Douglas Emerson: Tribute to my Father, Carl E. Milligan: Tribute to my Father, Carl Milligan: Tribute to my Father, Eloi Laliberte: Tribute to my Father, Harold Abbott Davis: Tribute to my Father, Thomas A. Hart: Tribute to my Grandfather, Aaron Marden: Tribute to my father, Raymond B. Bush: Tribute to my Uncle, John H. Michaud: Tribute to my Father, Shannon Edwin Swan: Tribute to my Uncles, James, Charles, Joseph & George Adams: Tribute to my Father, Pvt. Arthur V. Kierstead: Tribute to my Uncle, First Lieutenant John Michaud: Tribute to my Uncle, First Lieutenant John H. Michaud: Tribute to my Uncle, First Lieutenant John H. Michaud: Tribute to my Father, Arthur R. Bickford: Tribute to my Grandfather, Morrill E. Alley: Tribute to my Father, Roy C. Stevens: Tribute to my Father, John DiCrecchio: Tribute to my Father, Joseph Peter Tenneson, Jr.: Tribute to my Mother, Marie Parent: Tribute to my Father, Donald Masterman Smith, USN: Tribute to my Brother., Ex. SSGT. Harold A. Choate: Tribute to my Father, Leopold E. Bonin: Tribute to my father, Wesley Seaward: Tribute to my Relative, Roland A Ouellette: Tribute to my Father, Roy Cleveland Stevens: Tribute to my father, Leo C. Mckeown: Tribute to my Uncle, Joseph Louis Therriault: Tribute to my Father, Alvin James Harris, Jr.: Tribute to my step-father, Howard Harriman: Tribute to my father-in-law, Wendell J. MacDonald: Tribute to my Father, Thomas H. MacDonald: Tribute to my grandfather, Raymond Day: Tribute to my father, Joseph LP Mathew: Tribute to my uncle, milton foss: |